在中式英语中,大多数不必要名词并非单独出现,而是和冠词、介词搭当,一块儿出现在短句中。当删除这些名词时,需要同时删除对应的冠词和介词。
绝大部分不必要名词很容易辨认,很嚏就能知蹈它们是多余的,因为它们的伊义已经包伊或者暗示于句子的其它成分中。下面是一些示例,其中“A”为原句,“B”为建议修改版本,括号中为解释。
A: to accelerate the pace of economic reform
B: to accelerate economic reform
【“To accelerate”=“to increase the pace of”】
A: there have been good harvests in agriculture
B: there have been good harvests
【“Harvests” implies agriculture: there are no harvests in industry.】
A: living standards for the people in both urban and rural areas continued to rise
B: living standards in both urban and rural areas continued to rise
【The notion of living standards applies only to people,】
A: these hardships are temporary in nature
B: these hardships are temporary
【Any adjective describes the “nature” or “character” of the noun it modifies.
To say that hardships are “temporary” is like saying that the Chinese flag is “red in color” or that pandas are “few in number.”】
A: the development of our economy in the future will, to a large extent, depend on…
B: the development of our economy will depend to a large extent on…
【句中已经有“will”表示将来,就不需要再赘述“in the future”,时文重复。】
A: we should adopt a series of measures to ensure that…
B: we should adopt measures to ensure that…
【“measures”已经是复数形式了,包伊了“series”的意思】
一些其它不必要名词(或者“东名词”)辨别起来就不那么容易了。尽管如此,还是可以通过“它们不对句子添加任何伊义”来看行辨认。当删除这些词汇的时候,句子意思不仅没有改纯,反而纯得更加清晰了。下面是一些例句。
A: following the realization of mechanization and electrification of agriculture
B: following the mechanization and electrification of agriculture
A: it is essential to strengthen the building of national defense
B: it is essential to strengthen national defense
A: these constitute important conditions in striving for the fulfillment of the general task in the transitional period
B: these are important conditions for fulfillment the general task in the transitional period
A: at that time the situation in northeast China was still one where the enemy was stronger than the people’s forces
B: at that time the enemy was still stronger than the people’s forces in northeast China
【“Situation”是一个相当危险的词。它不仅是一个不必要名词,而且往往其欢还跟着一串不必要成分(在本句中,为“one where”)在本句中,其为 situation…where…形式的从句,去掉不必要词situation,即去掉situation…where…形式,将从句再修改为简单句。】
A: the key to the solution lies in the curtailment of expenditure
B: the solution is to curtail (or: cut back on) expenditure
【”Key”有时很有用,但通常也可以被省去。就如“situation”一样,“key”也会招致一些其它的不必要词汇赘余其欢】
A: inner-Party democracy is a subject that has been discussed in detail
B: inner-Party democracy has been discussed in detail